Sodium Chloride + Potassium Chloride + Sodium Acetate
Indications
This is indicated in-
- Cholera
- Diarrhea
- Severe vomiting
- fluid loss due to excessive sweating
Composition
Each 100 ml solution contains-
- Sodium Chloride BP 0.5 gm
- Potassium Chloride BP 0.1 gm
- Sodium Acetate BP 0.393 gm
Pharmacology
Sodium plays an important role in regulating total body water and its distribution. Sodium is the major cation in the extracellular fluid and constitutes >90% of the total cations. The acetate component is an alternative source of bicarbonate by metabolic conversion in the liver. Potassium chloride is a major cation in intracellular fluid. It plays an active role in the transmission of nerve impulses to the heart, brain and skeletal muscles; Contraction of cardiac skeletal and smooth muscles; Maintenance of normal renal function, acid-base balance, carbohydrate metabolism and gastric secretion. Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure regulation, and water distribution because it reabsorbs sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, initial solution in hemodialysis, and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as a liquid for infusion of compatible drug additives.
Dosage & Administration
The amount and rate of infusion will depend on the patient's requirements and the physician's judgment. It usually varies with age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. Recommended flow rate is 100-drop/min/up to 70 kg body weight.
Interaction
Potassium chloride: potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, cyclosporine and potassium-containing drugs. Antimuscarinics delay gastric emptying time resulting in an increased risk of GI adverse effects with solid oral dosage forms.
Sodium chloride: May affect serum concentrations of lithium.
Sodium Acetate: May affect absorption of some drugs due to increased intra-gastric pH. Acidic drugs such as salicylates and barbiturates may increase renal clearance and prolong the half-life of basic drugs.
Sodium chloride: May affect serum concentrations of lithium.
Sodium Acetate: May affect absorption of some drugs due to increased intra-gastric pH. Acidic drugs such as salicylates and barbiturates may increase renal clearance and prolong the half-life of basic drugs.
Contraindications
Kidney failure causes decreased urine production (oliguria), Kidney failure prevents urine production (anuria)
Side Effects
Reactions that may occur due to the solution or administration technique include febrile reactions, injection site infections, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the injection site, extravasation, and hypervolemia. severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle; warmth, redness, discharge, or bleeding where the IV was placed; Fever, ongoing cough.
Precautions & Warnings
It should not be administered quickly or for a long time. Because the solution contains different electrolytes, it should be mixed with caution in patients where electrolyte imbalances may have deleterious effects; For example in pregnancy, renal impairment, heart failure, pulmonary congestion etc. or in patients taking potassium.
Therapeutic Class
Electrolytes preparations
Storage Conditions
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
