Ceftriaxone Sodium
Veterinary
Indications
Ceftriaxone Injection is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms: Respiratory Tract Infection, Acute Bacterial Otitis Media, Skin & Skin Structure Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Bone & Joint Infection, Bacterial Septicamia, Intra Abdominal Infection.
Pharmacology
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation, semisynthetic, broad-spectrum Cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous or intramuscular administration. It has a remarkable stability against ß-lactamases, Penicillinases and Cephalosporinases of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone is bactericidal in action as it inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Dosage & Administration
Ceftriaxone 1 gm injection should be diluted with 10 ml WFI and injected at 12-24 hours interval. It can be administered either intramuscularly or intravenously.
- Large animals: 15 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 7.5-25 ml/50 kg body weight.
- Calf and Goat: 15 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 1.5-5 ml/10 kg body weight.
- Dog: 15 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 1.5-5 ml/10 kg body weight.
- Cat: 25 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 0.25-0.5 ml/kg body weight
- Large animals: 15 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 15-50 ml/100 kg body weight.
- Calf and Goat: 15 to 50 mg/kg body weight or 1.5-5 ml/10 kg body weight.
Interaction
Ceftriaxone may interact with other medications such as cefoxitin. Ceftriaxone should be used with caution in receiving loop diuretics as the risk of nephrotoxicity may be increased.
Contraindications
It should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. Transient elevations of BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and serum creatinine have been observed. Alterations in prothrombin times have occurred rarely in animals treated with Ceftriaxone. Impaired vitamin K synthesis or low vitamin K stores (eg, chronic hepatic disease and malnutrition) may require monitoring of prothrombin time during Ceftriaxone treatment.
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity, pruritus, fever or chills, thrombocytosis and leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, prolongation of the prothrombin time, diarrhea, flatulence, dyspepsia, palpitations.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Reproductive studies have been performed in mice and rats at doses up to 20 times the usual dose and have no evidence of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity or teratogenicity. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Low concentrations of ceftriaxone are excreted in milk. Caution should be exercised when it is administered to a lactating animal.
Precautions & Warnings
Prolonged use of Ceftriaxone may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms. If super infection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.
Reconstitution
For intramuscular injection: Add 3.5 ml of Lidocaine Hydrochloride BP 1% injection to 1 g Ceftriaxone vial whereas 7 ml of Lidocaine Hydrochloride BP 1% injection to 2 g Ceftriaxone vial and shake the vial well until the powder is dissolved properly.
For intravenous injection: Add 10 ml of Water for Injection BP to 1 g Ceftriaxone vial whereas 20 ml of Water for Injection BP to 2 g Ceftriaxone vial and shake the vial well until the powder is dissolved properly. The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C.
For intravenous injection: Add 10 ml of Water for Injection BP to 1 g Ceftriaxone vial whereas 20 ml of Water for Injection BP to 2 g Ceftriaxone vial and shake the vial well until the powder is dissolved properly. The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C.
Storage Conditions
The recommended maximum storage temperature for Ceftriaxone Injection is 25°C. Reconstituted solution are stable for 6 hours at room temperature in daylight and for 24 hours at 5°C.
