Ramipril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which after hydrolysis to ramiprilat, blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. So, inhibition of ACE by ramipril results in...

Telmisartan: Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II). Angiotensin II is the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin system, with effec...

Triamterene directly inhibits the exchange of Na for K and hydrogen in the distal renal tubule. Hydrochlorothiazide increases the excretion of Na and Cl ions, and consequently of water, by reducing electrolyte reabsorption from the r...

Valsartan is an oral medication that belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It is orally active and specific angiotensin II antagonist acting on the AT1 subtype. Angiotensin's attachment to the recep...

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride is an anxiolytic antihistamine of the piperazine class which is a H1 receptor antagonist. Hydroxyzine is not a cortical depressant, but its action may be due to a suppression of activity in certain key regions of the subcort...

Imipramine works by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. It binds the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and sodium-dependent norepinephrine transporter reducing the reuptake of norepinephrine an...

Iloperidone shows high affinity and maximal receptor occupancy for dopamine D2 receptors in the caudate nucleus and putamen of the brains of schizophrenic patients. The improvement in cognition is attributed to iloperidone's high affinity for α...

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant and Chlordiazepoxide is an anxiolytic. Amitriptyline inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. This interference with the reuptake is responsible for the antidepressant activity of...

Ketamine is a rapid-acting, nonbarbiturate general anesthetic. It produces an anesthetic state characterized by profound analgesia. The anesthetic state produced by Ketamine has been termed "dissociative anesthesia" (A form of general anesthesia char...

The active ingredient, Lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid, soluble in water; has been observed to promote in-situ cellular expansion in acute and chronic wound beds, in presence of blood plasma derived growth factor(s). The essential ami...

Irinotecan is a derivative of Camptothecin. Camptothecins interact specifically with the enzyme topoisomerase I, which relieves torsional strain in DNA by inducing reversible single-strand breaks. Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 bind to th...

Lercanidipine is a selective calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine group and it inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium into smooth muscle. The mechanism of its antihypertensive action is due to a direct relaxant effect on vascular smoo...

Levobupivacaine is a long acting local anaesthetic of the amide type. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. It blocks nerve conduction in sensory and motor nerves mainly by interacting with voltage sensitive sodium channels on the cell membrane. It...

This preparation contains Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride. Levocetirizine is the active (Levo) isomer of cetirizine. It is a new highly effective and well-tolerated nonsedating antihistamine with potent antiallergic properties. It has a two-fold highe...

Levofloxacin is a synthetic, broad-spectrum, third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Chemically, Levofloxacin is a chiral fluorinated carboxyquinolone. Levofloxacin exerts antibacterial action by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyr...

Lidocaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through sodium specific ion channels in the neuronal cell membrane, in particular the so called voltage-gated sodium channels. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot aris...

The efficacy of Lurasidone in schizophrenia could be mediated through a combination of central Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonism.

The mechanism of action of maprotiline is not precisely known. It does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system and is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The postulated mechanism of maprotiline is that it acts primarily by poten...

Meclizine has antiemetic, anticholinergic and antihistaminic properties. It reduces the sensitivity of the labyrinthine apparatus. The action may be mediated through nerve pathways to the vomiting center (VC) from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)...