Metoclopramide blocks dopamine receptors and in higher doses, it also blocks serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. It enhances the response to acetylcholine of tissue in upper GI tract causing enhanced motility and accelerated...

Milnacipran is a potent inhibitor of neuronal norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in approximately 1:3 ratio respectively. These actions simultaneously works synergistically to treat both depression and fibromyalgia and also improve multiple fibrom...

Moxifloxacin is a 4th generation synthetic broad spectrum, fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial drug. It has activity against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic and atypical bacteria including Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It acts by...

Nandrolone Decanoate is an injectable anabolic preparation. The pharmacologically active substance is nandrolone. The decanoate ester gives the preparation duration of action of about three weeks after injection. Nandrolone Decanoate is chemically re...

Nebivolol is a β adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Nebivolol inhibits both β1 and β1 adrenergic receptors. Nebivolol lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane stabilizing activity at therapeutically relevant concentrations. At cli...

Nefopam Hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic with a rapid onset of action. The main site of action appears to be in the central nervous system both at the brain and spinal levels. In vitro experiments have shown Nefopam to inhibit the re-upt...

Tropicamide binds to and blocks the receptors in the muscles of the eye (muscarinic receptor M4). Tropicamide acts by blocking the responses of the iris sphincter muscle to the iris and ciliary muscles to cholinergic stimulation, producing dilation o...

The main site of anesthetic action is the nerve cell membrane where proparacaine interferes with the large transient increase in the membrane permeability to sodium ions that is normally produced by a slight depolarization of the membrane. As the ane...

Propafenone works by slowing the influx of sodium ions into the cardiac muscle cells, causing a decrease in excitability of the cells. Propafenone is more selective for cells with a high rate, but also blocks normal cells more than class Ia or Ib. Pr...

Procyclidine hydrochloride is an antimuscarinic antiparkinsonian agent of relatively low toxicity. It is a synthetic tertiary amine. This drug exerts their antiparkinsonian effect by correcting the relative cholinergic excess which is thought to occu...

Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance through selective inhibition of postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenoreceptors in vascular smooth muscle. In hypertensive patients, blood pressure is lowered in both the supine and standing pos...

Prasugrel is an thienopyridine and a prodrug which inhibits ADP receptors by irreversibly acting on the P2Y12 receptor on platelets. The active metabolite of prasugrel prevents binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor, impairin...

Pralidoxime Chloride is an acetylcholinesterase reactivator. The principal action of Pralidoxime Chloride is to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (mainly outside of the central nervous system) which has been inactivated by phosphorylation due to an org...

Potassium Chloride is used for the treatment of hypokalaemia and of potassium deficiency states. Potassium ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. It participates in a number of essential physiological processes, including the...

Expansol (6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 in 0.9% Sodium Chloride IV infusion) is a clear to slightly opalescent, colorless to slightly yellow, sterile, non-pyrogenic, isotonic solution. The chemical name of Hydroxyethyl Starch is poly (O-2-hydroxyeth...

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride directly stimulates cholinergic receptors. It produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in pupillary constriction (miosis); constriction of the ciliary muscle, resulting in increased accommodation; and red...

Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride is an imidazoline derivative sympathomimetic amine. It is a direct agonist at α-adrenoceptors but has no action on β- adrenoceptors. It is used as a topical agent on the nasal mucosa, produces a rapid and long a...

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic properties with weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2,...

Oxymorphone is an opioid agonist whose principal therapeutic action is analgesia. Like all pure opioid agonist
analgesics, with increasing doses there is increasing analgesia, unlike with mixed agonist/antagonists or non opioid analgesics, where...

The efficacy of Paroxetine is presumed to be linked to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the central nervous system resulting from inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5 HT). Studies at clinically relevant doses...