Pioglitazone depends on the presence of insulin for its mechanism of action. Pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance in the periphery and in the liver resulting in increased insulindependent glucose disposal and decreased hepatic g...

Metformin is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypogl...

Persistent activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in Central Nervous System by the excitatory amino acid glutamate has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease. Memantine is postulated to exert its the...

Meclizine has antiemetic, anticholinergic and antihistaminic properties. It reduces the sensitivity of the labyrinthine apparatus. The action may be mediated through nerve pathways to the vomiting center (VC) from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)...

The mechanism of action of maprotiline is not precisely known. It does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system and is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The postulated mechanism of maprotiline is that it acts primarily by poten...

The mechanism of action of Lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression is unknown. However, its efficacy in schizophrenia and bipolar depression could be mediated through a combination of central dopamine Type 2 (D₂...

Flavoxate acts as a direct antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in cholinergically innervated organs. Its anticholinergic-parasympatholytic action reduces the tonus of smooth muscle in the bladder, effectively reducing the number of requi...

Haloperidol is a butyropherone derivative with antipsychotic properties that has been considered particularly effective in the management of hyperactivity, agitation and mania. Haloperidol is an effective neuroleptic and also possesses antiemetic pro...

Glucosamine is a naturally occurring compound for the body's production of joint lubricants and shock absorbers necessary to maintain healthy cartilage and joint function. Glucosamine hydrochloride is a prodrug for glucosamine that is well absorbed a...

Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent, which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its pharmacological mechanisms of action are different from other classes of ora...

Flupentixol Dihydrochloride is a low dose neuroleptic of the thioxanthene group. In low doses (up to 3 mg/day)
flupentixol has an anxiolytic, antidepressive and mood stabilizing effect and certain, activating properties. It acts mainly through a...

Fluoxetine has been shown to selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic neuronal membrane which causes increased synaptic concentration of serotonin in the CNS. This result in numerous functional changes associated with enhanced...

Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching. It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. Fluocinolone acetonide was also found to strongly potentiate TGF-&...

Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching. It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. Fluocinolone acetonide was also found to strongly potentiate TGF-&...

This cream contains three active ingredients Fluocinolone Acetonide, Hydroquinone and Tretinoin. All of them are used to treat melasma. However, the mechanism of action of the active ingredients in This cream in the treatment of melasma is unknown bu...

Flucloxacillin is active against Gram-positive organisms including penicillinase producing strains. It has little activity against Gram-negative bacilli. Flucloxacillin acts by inhibiting the formation of cell wall of bacteria. Flucloxacillin is isox...

Duloxetine Hydrochloride is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI) for oral administration. Duloxetine is a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. Duloxetine has no significant affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic,...

Eperisone is centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxant used to improve myotonic symptoms.