Ciprofloxacin (Ophthalmic)
Indications
Ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of corneal ulcers, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis, which are caused by susceptible strains of bacteria.
Composition
Each ml eye drops contains:
- Active Substance: Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride BP equivalent to Ciprofloxacin 3 mg.
- Preservative: Benzalkonium Chloride 0.06 mg.
Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Ciprofloxacin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the A subunits of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) which is essential in the reproduction of bacterial DNA.
Dosage & Administration
For Corneal Ulcers: Instill 2 drops into the affected eye every 15 minutes for the first six hours and then 2 drops into the affected eye every 30 minutes for the remainder of the first day. On the second day, instill 2 drops into the affected eye hourly. On the third through the fourteenth day, place 2 drops into the affected eye every four hours. Treatment may be continued after 14 days if corneal re-epithelialization has not occurred.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis/Blepharitis: Instill 1 drop to the conjunctival sac(s) every two hours for two days and 1 drop every four hours for the next five days.
Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in children under 1 year of age have not been established.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis/Blepharitis: Instill 1 drop to the conjunctival sac(s) every two hours for two days and 1 drop every four hours for the next five days.
Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in children under 1 year of age have not been established.
Interaction
Specific drug interaction studies have not been conducted with ophthalmic Ciprofloxacin. However, the systemic administration of some quinolones has been shown to elevate plasma concentrations of theophylline, interfere with the metabolism of caffeine, enhance the effects of the oral anticoagulant warfarin and its derivatives and have been associated with transient elevations in serum creatinine in patients receiving cyclosporin concomitantly.
Contraindications
A history of hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or any other component of the product. A history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones, including Nalidixic acid, may also contraindicate the use of Ciprofloxacin.
Side Effects
The most frequently reported drug related adverse reaction was local burning or discomfort. In corneal ulcer studies with frequent administration of the drug, white crystalline precipitates were seen in approximately 17% of patients. Other reactions occurring in less than 10% of patients included lid margin crusting, crystals/scales, foreign body sensation, itching, conjunctival hyperemia and a bad taste following instillation. Additional events occurring in less than 1% of patients included corneal staining, keratopathy/keratitis, allergic reactions, lid edema, tearing, photophobia, corneal infiltrates, nausea and decreased vision.
Pregnancy & Lactation
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Precautions & Warnings
General: As with other anti-infective, prolonged use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If super-infection occurs, discontinue use and initiate alternative therapy. Ciprofloxacin should be discontinued at the first appearance of a skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity reaction.
Overdose Effects
A topical overdose of Ciprofloxacin eye drops may be flushed from the eye(s) with warm tap water.
Therapeutic Class
Aural Anti-bacterial preparations, Ophthalmic antibacterial drugs
Storage Conditions
Store at room temperature, protect from light. It is desirable that the contents should not be used more than one month after first opening of the bottle.
