Nortriptyline
Indications
Nortriptyline is indicated for the treatment of depression and nocturnal enuresis.
Pharmacology
Nortriptyline, a dibenzocycloheptadiene tricyclic antidepressant, is the primary active metabolite of amitriptyline. It increases synaptic concentration of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in the CNS by blocking the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Dosage & Administration
Depression:
- Adult: Low dose initially increased as necessary to 75-100 mg daily in divided doses or as a single dose (max. 150 mg daily)
- Adolescent & Elderly: 30-50 mg daily in divided doses; Child not recommended for depression
- Child 7 years: 10 mg
- 8-11 years: 10-20 mg
- Over 11 years: 25-35 mg, 30 minutes before bedtime; max period of treatment (including gradual withdrawal) 3 months- full physical examination and ECG before further course.
Interaction
Nortriptyline should not be given with adrenaline, ephedrine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, drugs that are metabolized by CYP4502D6, MAOIs, guanethidine, debrisoquine, bethanidine, clonidine and reserpine etc. Barbiturates may increase the rate of metabolism of nortriptyline.
Contraindications
Nortriptyline is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to nortriptyline. Concomitant administration with MAOI is contraindicated. Do not use with or within 2 weeks of stopping an MAOI. Nortriptyline is contraindicated during the acute recovery period after myocardial infarction.
Side Effects
The most common side effects include dry mouth, sedation, constipation and increased appetite, mild blurred vision, tinnitus, often euphoria and mania. An occasional side effect is a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Alcohol may exacerbate some of its side effects and should be avoided.
Pregnancy & Lactation
The safety of nortriptyline for use in pregnancy has not been established. Nortriptyline should only be given during pregnancy when there are no alternatives and benefit outweighs risk.
Precautions & Warnings
Not intended for treatment of bipolar depression. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Patient at risk of seizures, with DM, narrow angle glaucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, chronic constipation, history of CV disease. Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly, childn. Pregnancy and lactation.
Overdose Effects
Symptoms: Severe hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, shock, CHF, pulmonary oedema, convulsions, and CNS depression, including coma; changes in ECG.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Admin IV Na bicarbonate, benzodiazepines. Admin activated charcoal to reduce absorption. Emesis is contraindicated. Initiate cardiac monitoring and observe for signs of CNS or resp depression, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and/or conduction blocks, and seizures.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Admin IV Na bicarbonate, benzodiazepines. Admin activated charcoal to reduce absorption. Emesis is contraindicated. Initiate cardiac monitoring and observe for signs of CNS or resp depression, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and/or conduction blocks, and seizures.
Therapeutic Class
Tricyclic & related anti-depressant drugs, Tricyclic Anti-depressant
Storage Conditions
Store at 15-30° C. Protect from light and moisture.
